ACCORDING TO COPILOT AI:
Graphene oxide was first synthesized and identified in 2004 by the research group led by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov at the University of Manchester.
They achieved this breakthrough by isolating a single layer of graphene using a method akin to scotch tape. However, it’s worth noting that the experimental discovery of graphene dates back to 1962, when Hanns-Peter Boehm and his colleagues observed it, although they didn’t unambiguously produce and identify single-layer graphene at that time. The term “graphene” was introduced by Boehm and his team in 1986. Prior to these milestones, in 1859, Benjamin Collins Brodie became aware of the highly lamellar structure of thermally reduced graphite oxide, which laid the groundwork for subsequent graphene research. So, while graphene oxide was discovered earlier, the unambiguous production and identification of single-layer graphene occurred in 2004.
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ACCORDING TO COPILOT: HEALTH CONCERNS (LOW LEVELS # 1 , HIGH LEVELS # 2)
Graphene oxide (GO) is a derivative of graphene, and its potential health effects have been studied extensively. Here are some key findings:
Biocompatibility and Safety:
Inhalation Study: A controlled exposure study involving human volunteers found that inhaled graphene oxide was well-tolerated with no adverse effects. Heart rate, blood pressure, lung function, and inflammatory markers remained unaffected by GO, regardless of particle size.
Long-Term Occupational Exposure: Research from the Graphene Flagship suggests that graphene is safe for long-term occupational lung exposure and has low toxicity to the skin.
Mechanisms of Toxicity:
Various Factors: Toxicity of graphene-family nanomaterials (GFNs), including GO, depends on factors such as lateral size, surface structure, functionalization, charge, impurities, and aggregation.
Mechanisms: GFNs can cause toxicity through mechanisms like physical destruction, oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammatory response, apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis.
Blood Clotting:
In summary, while GO has been shown to be generally safe, it’s essential to continue research to understand its full impact and ensure its safe use in various applications. Always follow safety guidelines when handling nanomaterials. If you have specific concerns, consult with a medical professional. 😊🔬👩⚕️
ACCORDING TO COPILOT
Common Uses For Graphene Oxide
Graphene oxide (GO) is a fascinating material with a wide range of potential applications. Let’s explore some of them:
Optical Nonlinearity: Nonlinear optical materials are essential for ultrafast photonics and optoelectronics. Graphene oxide exhibits interesting optical properties that can be harnessed for various applications.
Graphene Manufacture: Initially, graphene oxide attracted significant interest as a possible intermediate for the large-scale production and manipulation of graphene. Graphene, a single-layer form of graphite, possesses extraordinary electronic properties. Although the graphene obtained by reducing graphene oxide still has some chemical and structural defects, it remains advantageous for certain applications.
Water Purification: Graphene oxide has been explored for water purification. Its unique properties, such as high surface area and strong adsorption capabilities, make it suitable for removing pollutants and contaminants from water.
Coating and Composite Materials: Graphene oxide sheets have been used to prepare strong paper-like materials, membranes, thin films, and composite materials. These materials find applications in various fields, including electronics, energy storage, and structural components.
Energy Conversion: Graphene oxide can be utilized in energy conversion devices, such as solar cells and fuel cells. Its excellent electrical conductivity and stability make it a promising candidate for improving energy conversion efficiency.
Hydrogen Storage: Researchers have investigated graphene oxide for hydrogen storage applications. Although challenges remain, its porous structure and high surface area offer potential for storing hydrogen gas efficiently.
7. Precision Medicine: Graphene oxide has been studied for its promising uses in a wide variety of nanomedical applications, including tissue engineering, cancer treatment, medical imaging, and drug delivery.